The textbook answer is this.....
Bodybuilding is about aesthetics, lines, symmetry, proper proportion, and of course hypertrophy. You want to become as big as possible while maintaining everything in proper proportion and symmetry.
Powerlifting is about one thing... lifting the heaviest weights. At the end of the day all that matters is how much you lift properly. It's not about how you look, if your calves are in proper proportion with your biceps. None of that matters.
Can you do, of course. Many do both to a degree. They'll perform their PLing movement in the beginning performing sets and reps which will help them become the strongest version of themselves. After, they'll perform lifts for hypertrophy because many believe if you have a larger muscle it's easier to handle a heavier load. The weight is distributed over a larger area (bigger muscle) making it easier to perform the lift.
Many of the top Elite Powerlifters look like Bodybuilders. Just look at Sam Byrd or Dan Green.